Portuguese data on child work: what does it encompass

After the analysis of different meanings of child work, we go through neoclassical microeconomic model and its insufficiencies in explaining this phenomenon. Focusing in the Portuguese case, we use the data available to depict the distinctive characteristics of working and nom-working children. We conclude that even in developed countries child labour is still mainly linked with the economically, socially and culturally less privileged

Estratégia de comunicação nas redes sociais para a Cineplace

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Publicidade e Marketing.O presente relatório de estágio surge no âmbito da realização do trabalho final para obtenção do grau de mestre em Publicidade e Marketing pela Escola Superior de Comunicação Social. O estágio foi realizado na empresa On Spot Net, mais propriamente na it (departamento de Marketing Digital), durante três meses. O trabalho num departamento desta natureza é diversificado e desafiante, sendo necessárias constantes atualizações de conhecimentos e capacidade de trabalho em equipa. O estágio visou a integração operacional no setor dos social media, através da gestão de redes sociais e respetivas comunidades. Neste contexto realizaram-se algumas tarefas de criação de conteúdos escritos (copywriting) para redes sociais (Facebook e Instagram), sobretudo da Cinepace, a marca que é objeto deste relatório. O relatório é composto por quatro partes: (1) enquadramento teórico, desde a evolução da web a indicadores chave relativos às redes sociais; (2) apresentação da empresa de acolhimento do estágio e a descrição das atividades realizadas no mesmo; (3) a investigação-ação conduzida no estágio; e, por fim, (4) a discussão e conclusões finais do estágio. Conforme referido acima, no estágio foi utilizado o método de investigação-ação, caracterizado por quatro fases, que serviram de base para a realização do presente relatório, sendo que as duas primeiras fases, (1) de diagnóstico e (2) definição da estratégia para a Cineplace, tinham já sido em parte realizadas pela it à data do início do estágio. O estágio inicia-se assim na fase (3) de implementação do plano de ação, para a qual colaborei com a criação de conteúdos para o Facebook e Instagram, terminando na fase (4) de análise dos resultados, apesar de ao longo do mesmo terem sido feitos ajustamentos à estratégia e suplementos ao diagnóstico nos quais colaborei.ABSTRACT : The following internship report arises in the scope of the conclusion for the Master’s degree in Publicidade and Marketing at Escola Superior de Comunicação Social. The internship took place at On Spot Net for three months, more precisely at the it (Digital Marketing department). Working in a department such as this one can very be demanding and challenging due to the constant improvement of skills and excellent teamwork capabilities, which are required. The internship aimed at the integration of the social media sector through social networks management and their respective communities. Simultaneously, some content creation tasks were carried out for multiple projects through copywriting for social networks like Facebook and Instagram, mainly from Cineplace, the brand that’s the subject of this report. The report comprises 4 parts, most notably the theoretical framework since the evolution of the web and key indicators of social networks, the presentation of the host company for the internship, the description of the activities carried out during the internship, the investigation-action and, discussion and final conclusions of the internship. The investigation-action method used is characterized by four phases, which served as a basis for the completion of the internship and the following report, The first two phases, (1) of diagnosis and (2) definition of Cineplace strategy, had already been carried out in part by It at the beginning of the internship. The internship begins in phase (3) of implementation of the action plan, for which I collaborated with the creation of content for Facebook and Instagram, ending in phase (4) of the results analysis, although adjustments were made throughout the strategy and diagnostic supplements in which I collaborated.N/

Initial impacts of global risk mitigation measures taken during the combatting of the COVID-19 pandemic

This paper presents an analysis of risk mitigation measures taken by countries around the world facing the current COVID-19 outbreak. In light of the current pandemic the authors collated and clustered (using harmonised terminology) the risk mitigation measures taken around the globe in the combat to contain, and since March 11 2020, to limiting the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus known to cause the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This overview gathers lessons learnt, provides an update on the current knowledge for authorities, sectors and first responders on the effectiveness and may allow enhanced prevention, preparedness and response for future outbreaks. Various measures such as mobility restrictions, physical distancing, hygienic measures, socio economic restrictions, communication and international support mechanisms have been clustered and are reviewed in terms of the nature of the actions taken and their qualitative early-perceived impact. At the time of writing, it is still too premature to express the quantitative effectiveness of each risk mitigation cluster, but it seems that the best mitigation results are reported when applying a combination of voluntary and enforceable measures.JRC.E.7-Knowledge for Security and Migratio

Estudo da quebra de dormência em sementes de piorno [Genista tenera (Jacq. Ex murr.) O. Kuntze]

O piorno [Genista tenera (Jacq. ex Murr.) O. Kuntze] é uma planta endémica da ilha da Madeira usada na medicina popular dado o seu efeito antidiabético. O presente estudo pretende avaliar o efeito da digestão ácida das sementes de piorno com ácido sulfúrico na redução da espessura do tegumento, rijo, da semente, para ultrapassar a dormência das sementes e assim maximizar a taxa de germinação. Um grupo de acessos do Instituto Superior de Agronomia foi digerido com ácido durante 0, 10, 20 e 40 minutos. Após a digestão usou-se carbonato de sódio a 5 % como agente neutralizante e em seguida as sementes foram lavadas em água corrente para eliminar resíduos do ácido. Para avaliar os melhores tempos de digestão as sementes foram colocadas a germinar em placas de petri, envolvidas em dupla camada de papel de filtro e a uma temperatura constante de 22 ºC. A digestão ácida das sementes teve um efeito estatisticamente significativo sobre a percentagem de germinação das sementes. No entanto, a percentagem de germinação obtida com a digestão ácida (abaixo dos 30 %) é pouco interessante do ponto de vista produtivo, daí a necessidade de se estudarem outros tratamentos. Genista tenera is a plant endemic to the island of Madeira and is used in folk medicine to control diabetes. In the present work we evaluate the effects of concentrated sulphuric acid as an efficient technique for reducing the thickness of hard seed coats and to overcome dormancy and so to bring the highest proportion of viable seeds to the point of germination. A group formed by accessions from “Instituto Superior de Agronomia” were placed in the concentrated acid for 0, 10, 20 and 40 minutes of treatment. After treatments, a 5% solution of sodium carbonate in water was used as a neutralizing agent and seeds were washed in running water to remove all traces of the acid. To assess the optimum time for acid scarification the seeds were put in Petri dishes and a sandwich paper filter, and the percentage of germinated seeds per treatment at constant 22ºC was determined. Acid digestation significantly improved the germination but at rates lower than 30%. More work should be conducted to determine the optimum conditions to overcome the seed dormancy

Sea surface temperature distribution in the Azores region. Part I: AVHRR imagery and in situ data processing.

Sixteen months of 1.1 km resolution NOAA-12, -14, and -16 data for the Azores region are investigated. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) derived sea surface temperature (SST) is compared to an extensive in situ temperature measurement database, mainly constituted during fisheries campaigns. This comparison shows that SST maps include numerous pixels with temperature values below the range observed for the Azores. Low temperatures are attributed in literature to pixel contamination by cloud neighbouring and these are usually removed by eroding pixels around clouds. Results of this study show that running an erosion filter removes only two thirds of the contaminated pixels. Remnant clouds are filtered inputting threshold values to SST 8-day temperature histograms. Based on a comparison of the SST values derived on an image-by-image basis, it is also demonstrated that differences among the sensors are lower than the measurement accuracy, whilst, on the contrary, nighttime and daytime SST distributions are statistically different. Based on monthly and 15-day average computations at nighttime, AVHRR-derived SST distribution in the Azores and associated dominant space and time scales are proposed in the second part of this paper (SST distribution in the Azores region. Part II: Space and time variability and its relation to North Atlantic Oscillation)

Sea surface temperature distribution in the Azores region. Part I: AVHRR imagery and in situ data processing.

Sixteen months of 1.1 km resolution NOAA-12, -14, and -16 data for the Azores region are investigated. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) derived sea surface temperature (SST) is compared to an extensive in situ temperature measurement database, mainly constituted during fisheries campaigns. This comparison shows that SST maps include numerous pixels with temperature values below the range observed for the Azores. Low temperatures are attributed in literature to pixel contamination by cloud neighbouring and these are usually removed by eroding pixels around clouds. Results of this study show that running an erosion filter removes only two thirds of the contaminated pixels. Remnant clouds are filtered inputting threshold values to SST 8-day temperature histograms. Based on a comparison of the SST values derived on an image-by-image basis, it is also demonstrated that differences among the sensors are lower than the measurement accuracy, whilst, on the contrary, nighttime and daytime SST distributions are statistically different. Based on monthly and 15-day average computations at nighttime, AVHRR-derived SST distribution in the Azores and associated dominant space and time scales are proposed in the second part of this paper (SST distribution in the Azores region. Part II: Space and time variability and its relation to North Atlantic Oscillation)

Synthesis of sugars embodying conjugated carbonyl systems and related triazole derivatives from carboxymethyl glycoside lactones. Evaluation of their antimicrobial activity and toxicity.

International audienceThe synthesis of a series of pyranoid derivatives comprising a conjugated carbonyl function and related triazole derivatives, structurally suitable for bioactivity evaluation, was achieved in few steps starting from readily available carboxymethyl glycoside lactones (CMGL). 3-Enopyranosid-2-uloses were generated by oxidation/elimination of tri-O-acylated 2-hydroxy pyranosides. Subsequent Wittig olefination provided stereoselectively 2-C-branched-chain conjugated dienepyranosides with (E)-configuration around the exocyclic double bond. A heterogeneous CuI/Amberlyst-catalyzed 'click' chemistry protocol was used to convert glycosides bearing a propargyl moiety into the corresponding 1,2,3-triazoles. These new molecules were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities and those containing conjugated carbonyl systems demonstrated the best efficacy. (N-Dodecylcarbamoyl)methyl enone glycerosides were the most active ones among the enones tested. The α-anomer displayed very strong activities against Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis and strong activity toward Enterococcus faecalis and the fungal pathogen Penicillium aurantiogriseum. The corresponding β-anomer presented a very strong inhibitory effect against two fungal species (Aspergillus niger and P. aurantiogriseum). (N-Dodecyl-/N-propargyl/or N-benzylcarbamoyl)methyl dienepyranosides exhibited selectively a strong activity toward E. faecalis. Further acute toxicity evaluation indicated low toxic effect of the (N-dodecylcarbamoyl)methyl enone glyceroside α-anomer and of the carbamoylmethyl dienepyranosides N-protected with propargyl or benzyl groups

New In Vitro studies on the bioprofile of Genista tenera antihyperglycemic extract

The inhibition of a-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase, two enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism, is an important target to control glycaemia on individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this work we report for the first time the inhibition of both enzymes by the antihyperglycemic n-butanol extract from Genista tenera (Fabaceae). This extract decreased a-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities to 0.97 and 80.25 %, respectively, being more effective than acarbose, and phlorizin, the positive controls, which reduced enzymes activities only to 17.39 and 96.06 %. Once inflammation and oxidative stress are related to diabetic impairments, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was also evaluated, through its inhibitory activity over COX-1 enzyme (47.5 % inhibition). Moreover, after induction of oxidative stress by UV radiation, the viability of irradiated rat liver hepatoma cells exposed to the extract was significantly higher (67.82 %) than that promoted by ascorbic acid, the positive control (45.05 %). In addition, the stability of the extract under gastrointestinal conditions was evaluated by HPLC–DAD-ESI–MS/MS. Flavonoid diglycosides were identified as the main constituents of the extract, and no alterations in the chemical composition nor in the antioxidant activity were observed after in vitro digestion with artificial gastric and pancreatic juices.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia e Comissão Europeiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Facile synthesis of oxo-/thioxopyrimidines and tetrazoles C–C linked to sugars as novel non-toxic antioxidant acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Microwave-assisted synthesis of oxo-/thioxopyrimidines and tetrazoles linked to furanoses with D-xylo and D-ribo configuration, and to a D-galacto pyranose is reported and compared to conventional methods. Reaction of dialdofuranoses and dialdopyranoses with a b-keto ester and urea or thiourea under micro wave irradiation at 300 W gave in 10 min the target molecules containing the 2-oxo- or 2-thioxo-pyrimidine ring in high yield. The tetrazole-derived compounds were obtained in two steps by reaction of the formyl group with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, copper sulfate, triethylamine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to give an intermediate nitrile, which was then treated with sodium azide. The use of microwave irradiation in the latter step also resulted in a considerably shorter reaction time (10 min) compared to hours under conventional heating to obtain a complete starting materials conversion. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition ranged from 20% to 80% for compounds concentration of 100 lg/mL, demonstrating the potential of this family of compounds for the control of Alzheimer’s disease symptoms. Most of the compounds showed antioxidant activity in the b-carotene/linoleic acid assay, some of them exhibiting IC50 values in the same order of magnitude as those of gallic acid. The bioactive compounds did not show cytotoxic effects to human lymphocytes using the MTT method adapted for non-adherent cells, nor geno toxicity determined by the short-term in vitro chromosomal aberration assay.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio